Help:IPA/Manx
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Manx language pronunciations[1] in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See also Manx phonology and Manx spelling to sound correspondences for more details about pronunciation of Manx.
Consonants
Manx makes contrasts between velarized ("broad") and palatalized ("slender") consonants. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript ⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate like the articulation of the [j] sound in yes /jɛs/. In Manx orthography, slender consonants are often but not always by ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩.
The broad consonants are /p, b, m, f, v, t, d, t̠, d̠, n, (n̠), s, l, l̠, r, k, ɡ, x, ɣ, h/ and slender consonants are /tʃ, dʒ, tʲ, dʲ, nʲ, ʃ, j, lʲ, rʲ, kʲ, ɡʲ, ç/.
| IPA | Example | English approximation |
|---|---|---|
| p | peccah, tappee, kiap | pig, wrap |
| b | beeal, cabbyl, cab | bake, tub |
| m | mie, famman, cam | man, bomb |
| f | fockle, phadeyr, offishear | fox, if |
| v | va, shirveish | vat, love |
| w | wappin, bwee, queeyl, | win, woman |
| t | ta, thie, puttey, att | North Welsh adar, English adder (but dental), Irish-English thing |
| d | doal, dhiane, kiaddey, laad | North Welsh tŷ, English tie (but dental), Irish-English though |
| t̠ | tendeil | town (alveolar) |
| d̠ | dellal | do (alveolar) |
| n | noo, bannaght, bane | nose, night |
| tʲ | ruggit, aitt, pooiyt | Tuesday, atune |
| dʲ | cooid, craid | dune, midia |
| nʲ | niart, nhee, bainney, thallooin | new, annual |
| ʧ | cheet, atchim, buitch | cheese, church |
| ʤ | jee, bodjal, caage | judge, badger |
| s | soo, assee, baase | soon, pass |
| ʃ | shee, ashoon, baaish | sheet, fish |
| l | loo, lhag, ollan, shooyl | look, ball (but dark) |
| l̠ | vel, troggal | English lean, South Welsh fel |
| lʲ | leshtal, lhiam, balley, fuill | lute, million |
| r | raa, rheynn, arran, oor | red, borrow (a tap or an approximant) |
| rʲ | rhym, erriu, ooir, airh | very (combined with a y sound) |
| j | yeearree, eeast, yiall, ghiall, ghennal | yellow |
| k | cair, keayn, queeyl, peccah, eeck | cart, sick |
| ɡ | goo, aggair, aeg | good, bag |
| kʲ | kione, kesh, ceau, crackan, creck | cube, accuse |
| gʲ | gien, gennal, guilley, aggindagh | argue |
| ŋ | er n'ghoaill, lhongey, lhong | sing, bang |
| ŋʲ | er n'ghialdyn, chingys, king | angular or sing (followed by y) |
| ç | chiangle, y cheeagh, hiauill | hue (pronounced strongly) or German ich |
| x | choodee, hrog, moghey, agh | Scots loch, German Bach or Spanish ojo |
| ɣ | gheid, my ghoo | Spanish amigo, Greek εγώ or Scots loch (but voiced) |
| h | halley, my haagh, cha | hand |
Notes and references
- ^ Lewin, C. Aspects of the historical phonology of Manx (2020). Edinburgh. doi:10.7488/era/557.