List of border conflicts

The following is a list of border conflicts between two or more countries. The list includes only those fought because of border disputes. See list of territorial disputes for those that do not involve fighting. Over 50% of the world’s borders today were drawn as a result of British and French imperialism. The British and French drew the modern borders of the Middle East, 80% of the borders of Africa, in Asia after the independence of the British Raj and French Indochina and the borders of Europe after World War I as victors, as a result of the Paris treaties.^[1]^[2]^[3]

19th century

Start	Finish	Conflict	Combatants	Disputed Territories	Fatalities
1811	1812	Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental	Portugal v. United Provinces	Banda Oriental	Unknown
1816	1820	Portuguese conquest of the Banda Oriental	Portugal v. Federal League	Banda Oriental	Unknown
1825	1828	Cisplatine War	Empire of Brazil v. United Provinces	Banda Oriental	Unknown
1837	1839	Tarija War	Argentine Confederation v. Peru–Bolivian Confederation	Tarija Department	Unknown
1846	1848	Mexican–American War	United States v. Mexico	Texas Santa Fe de Nuevo México Alta California	~29,000
1859	1859	Pig War (1859)	United States v. United Kingdom (Colony of Vancouver Island)	San Juan Islands	None
1879	1883	War of the Pacific	Chile v. Bolivia and Peru	Litoral Department	~10,000
1896	1896	Battle of Shangi	Congo Free State v. Kingdom of Rwanda	Southwestern Rwanda	Unknown

20th century before World War II

Start	Finish	Conflict	Combatants	Disputed Territories	Fatalities
1910	1918	Border War	United States v. Mexico	Mexico–United States border region	100+
1932	1935	Chaco War	Bolivia v. Paraguay	Northern Gran Chaco	~100,000
1938	1938	Battle of Lake Khasan	Soviet Union v. Japan	Manchukuo–Soviet Union border region	~1,300
1939	1939	Slovak–Hungarian War	Slovakia v. Hungary	Eastern Slovakia	69
1939	1939	Battles of Khalkhin Gol	Soviet Union and Mongolia v. Japan and Manchukuo	Manchukuo–Soviet Union border region	~48,000

1945–2000

Start	Finish	Conflict	Combatants	Disputed Territories	Fatalities
1945	1945	Levant Crisis	France v. United Kingdom	Syria-Lebanon and Transjordan	0
1947	1948	Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948	India v. Pakistan	Jammu and Kashmir	~3,000
1954	1954	Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli	India v. Portugal	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	46
1956	1956	Suez Crisis	Israel v. Egypt	Sinai Peninsula Suez Canal Zone	2,848-4,198
1957	1958	Ifni War	Morocco v. France and Spain	Spanish Ifni	~1,500
1962	1962	Sino-Indian War	China v. India	Aksai Chin	~4,000
1965	1965	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965	Pakistan v. India	Kashmir	~6,800
1969	1969	Sino-Soviet border conflict	Soviet Union v. China	Zhenbao Island Ussuri River	72-800
1971	1971	Indo-Pakistani War of 1971	Pakistan v. India	Kashmir East Pakistan	~4,000+
1978	1979	Uganda–Tanzania War	Uganda v. Tanzania	Kagera Salient	~4,500
1979	1979	Sino-Vietnamese War	China v. Vietnam	Cao Bằng Lạng Sơn Spratly Islands	~56,000
1982	1982	Falklands War	Argentina v. United Kingdom	Falkland Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	904
1984	2022	Whisky War	Denmark v. Canada	Hans Island	0
1984	1987	Siachen conflict	Pakistan v. India	Siachen Glacier	~2,400
1985	1985	Agacher Strip War	Burkina Faso v. Mali	Agacher Strip	140+
1987	1987	Sumdorong Chu standoff	India v. China	Sumdorong Chu	Unknown
1987	1988	Thai–Laotian Border War	Laos and Vietnam v. Thailand	Chat Trakan district Botene district	295
1999	1999	Kargil War	India v. Pakistan	Kargil district	~4,500
1998	2000	Eritrean–Ethiopian War	Eritrea v. Ethiopia	Badme	100,000

21st century

Start	Finish	Conflict	Combatants	Disputed Territory	Fatalities
2000	2006	2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict	Israel v. Lebanon	Shebaa farms	30
2001	2001	2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes	Bangladesh v. India	Bangladesh–India border region	20
2001	2002	2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff	India v. Pakistan	Kashmir	789–1,874
2002	2002	Perejil Island crisis	Morocco v. Spain	Perejil Island	0
2003	2005	Conflict in Tuzla Island	Ukraine v. Russia	Tuzla Island	0
2006	2006	2006 Lebanon War	Israel v. Lebanon	Northern District Southern Lebanon Golan Heights	1,619-2,254
2008	2008	Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict	Djibouti v. Eritrea	Ras Doumeira	144
2008	2008	Russo-Georgian War	Georgia v. Russia	South Ossetia and Abkhazia	247
2008	2012	Cambodian–Thai border dispute	Cambodia v. Thailand	Preah Vihear Temple	42
2008	2008	2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff	India v. Pakistan	India–Pakistan border region	Unknown
2008	2008	2008 Mardakert clashes	Artsakh v. Azerbaijan	Nagorno-Karabakh (Martakert/Aghdara)	4-20
2010	2010	2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes	Armenia v. Azerbaijan	Goranboy Tartar Agdam	3-6
2010	2010	2010 Mardakert clashes	Armenia and Artsakh v. Azerbaijan	Fuzuli District Çaylı Nagorno-Karabakh (Jraberd)	8-62
2010	2010	2010 Eritrean–Ethiopian border skirmish	Eritrea v. Ethiopia	Zalambessa	10-35
2010	2010	Costa Rica–Nicaragua San Juan River border dispute	Costa Rica v. Nicaragua	San Juan River	0
2011	2011	Battle of Wazzin	Libya v. Tunisia	Wazzin	23
2011	2011	2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish	India v. Pakistan	Kashmir (Kupwara district and Neelum Valley)	8
2012	2012	Heglig Crisis	Sudan v. South Sudan	Unity State South Kordofan	262–322
2012	2014	Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war	Syria v. Turkey	Akçakale	17
2012	2012	2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes	Armenia and Artsakh v. Azerbaijan	Tavush Qazakh Nagorno-Karabakh	9
2013	2013	2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes	India v. Pakistan	Kashmir Line of Control	28
2014	2014	2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes	Armenia and Artsakh v. Azerbaijan	Armenia–Azerbaijan border region (Tavush, Qazakh) Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact	19
2014	2015	2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes	India v. Pakistan	Kashmir Line of Control Indo-Pakistani border region	58-185
2016	2016	2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict	Armenia and Artsakh v. Azerbaijan	Armenia–Azerbaijan border region (Tavush, Qazakh) Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact	199-1,820
2016	2016	Battle of Tsorona	Eritrea v. Ethiopia	Tserona subregion	218
2016	2016	2016 Belize–Guatemala border standoff	Belize v. Guatemala	Sarstoon River	1
2016	2018	2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes	India v. Pakistan	Kashmir	165-232
2017	2017	2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish	Afghanistan v. Pakistan	Chaman	8-68
2017	2017	2017 China–India border standoff	China v. India and Bhutan	Doklam	0^[4]
2018	2018	2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes	Armenia v. Azerbaijan	Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Sharur District and Sadarak District)	2–3^[5]^[6]^[7]
2019	2019	2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes	India v. Pakistan	Line of Control	50-62
2020	2020	July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes	Armenia v. Azerbaijan	Movses, Armenia and Ağdam, Azerbaijan	17-141
2020	2021	2020–2022 China–India skirmishes	China v. India	Sikkim, Ladakh and Line of Actual Control	50+ on both sides
2020	2022	2020–2022 Ethiopian–Sudanese clashes	Ethiopia v. Sudan	Ethiopian–Sudanese border	4
2021	2021	2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan conflict	Kyrgyzstan v. Tajikistan	Leilek District	55
2022	2022	September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes	Armenia v. Azerbaijan	Armenia–Azerbaijan border	176

Ongoing

Start	Finish	Conflict	Combatants	Disputed Territory	Fatalities
2012	Ongoing	Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war	Israel v. Syria	Quneitra Governorate Golan Heights	44
2014	Ongoing	Russo-Ukrainian War (outline)	Ukraine v. Russia	Crimea Donbas	2,824-2,924+
2022	Ongoing	2022 Bangladesh–Myanmar border tensions	Bangladesh v. Myanmar	Bangladesh-Myanmar border region	0

References

^ Manning, Patrick (1990). Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades. London: Cambridge University Press.
^ Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press.
^ Martin Klein, "Slave Descent and Social Status in Sahara and Sudan", in Reconfiguring Slavery: West African Trajectories, ed. Benedetta Rossi (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009), 29.
^ "India, China soldiers involved in border altercation: Indian sources". Reuters. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Şəhid Adil Əli oğlu Tatarov "Şücaətə görə" medalı ilə təltif olunub". Agstafa City Government Executive (in Azerbaijani). 22 May 2018. Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Զինվոր է զոհվել՝ Մարտին Գրիգորի Խաչատրյանը". Civil Net (in Armenian). 23 May 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^ "Մահացել է Համլետ Գրիգորյանը". Banak Info (in Armenian). 20 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.

[Manning-1990-1] Manning, Patrick (1990). Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades. London: Cambridge University Press.

[Lovejoy,_Paul_E._2012-2] Lovejoy, Paul E. (2012). Transformations of Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa. London: Cambridge University Press.

[3] Martin Klein, "Slave Descent and Social Status in Sahara and Sudan", in Reconfiguring Slavery: West African Trajectories, ed. Benedetta Rossi (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2009), 29.

[4] "India, China soldiers involved in border altercation: Indian sources". Reuters. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2018.

[5] "Şəhid Adil Əli oğlu Tatarov "Şücaətə görə" medalı ilə təltif olunub". Agstafa City Government Executive (in Azerbaijani). 22 May 2018. Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.

[6] "Զինվոր է զոհվել՝ Մարտին Գրիգորի Խաչատրյանը". Civil Net (in Armenian). 23 May 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2018.

[7] "Մահացել է Համլետ Գրիգորյանը". Banak Info (in Armenian). 20 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.

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