Robert MacFarlane or McFarlane may refer to:

• Robert Macfarlan (schoolmaster) (1734–1804), Scottish writer, journalist and translator
• Sir Robert Henry MacFarlane (1771–1843), British Army officer during the Napoleonic Wars
• Robert MacFarlane, Lord Ormidale (1802–1880), Scottish advocate and judge
• Robert MacFarlane (Canadian politician) (1835–1872), Canadian politician
• Robert Stetson Macfarlane (1899–1982), American businessman
• Robert Macfarlane (New Zealand politician) (1900–1982), New Zealand politician
• Robert Gwyn Macfarlane (1907–1987), British hematologist
• Robert McFarlane (American government official) (1937–2022)
• Robert McFarlane (photographer) (1942–2023), Australian photographer
• Robert Macfarlan (Australian judge) (born 1949)
• Robert Macfarlane (writer) (born 1976), British travel writer

• Robert MacFarlane (cricketer) (1908–1986), Scottish cricketer and administrator
• Robert McFarlane (cricketer) (born 1955), Australian cricketer
• Rab Macfarlane (1875–1943), Scottish footballer
• Bob McFarlane (footballer, died 1898) (?–1898), Scottish footballer
• Bob McFarlane (footballer, born 1887) (1887–1955), Scottish footballer and engineer
• Bobby McFarlane (1913–1971), Scottish footballer
• Bob McFarlane (Canadian athlete) (1927–2006), Canadian runner, football player and plastic surgeon