The Winter Fuel Payment is a state benefit paid once per year in England, Wales,^[1] and Northern Ireland to some people old enough to have been born before a specific date. It is intended to cover the additional costs of heating over the winter months. While it was introduced in 1997 as a universal benefit for pensioners, it was changed in 2025 so that it is only offered to pensioners who receive means tested benefits such as pension credit.

The payment was first introduced by the Labour Government in 1997 as a universal benefit for pensioners, and was first announced by Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown in his Pre-Budget Statement of that year.^[2][3][4]

On 29 July 2024, the new Labour chancellor, Rachel Reeves, announced that the benefit would only be given to those in receipt of Pension Credit or other means-tested benefits. This removed the benefit from around 10 million pensioners.^[5]

The announcement of this policy to remove fuel payments from pensioners took the nation by surprise as it had not been publicised in advance or included in Labour's manifesto for the election. With the announcement being made shortly before the Commons party conference season recess, there was only a limited initial response. However, several Labour MPs returned to Westminster complaining that their constituents were "furious and, in some cases, deeply worried".^[6]

In August, consumer journalist and founder of MoneySavingExpert, Martin Lewis, suggested that the government should rethink their plans to restrict who would get the payment saying they had gone too far by limiting it to only the "absolute poorest pensioners on the very lowest income".^[7]

On 5 September, the prime minister, Keir Starmer, conceded to demands and promised a binding vote in the Commons on whether the changes to the fuel payment would be implemented. The change of heart came after unease amongst Labour MPs, with many of them signing an early day motion challenging the changes, and the opposition Conservative Party submitted a motion to annul the government's change to regulations. Labour MP Rachael Maskell said, "Being cold at home can lead to stroke, heart attack, hypothermia, pneumonia and other such illnesses" and recommended that the government should read the work of Professor Sir Michael Marmot and Sir Chris Whitty with respect to this "so that we can take a public health approach to people being warm at home, to mitigate the cost that could come without putting right mitigation around the winter fuel payments”.^[8]

The Conservative motion was debated on 10 September, and in the vote that followed, 348 MPs backed the government and 228 supported the opposition motion. With a majority of 120 to the government, the policy was implemented. A total of 52 Labour MPs, including 7 ministers, did not participate in the vote. Labour MP, Jon Trickett voted against the government. BBC News say that around 20 of the Labour MPs who did not participate had publicly expressed opposition to the policy previously.^[9]

The government was put under pressure to abandon this policy by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) as it started its annual conference on 9 September. The TUC general secretary, Paul Nowak, said that he was concerned about the removal of the universal payment for all but the poorest pensioners. The general secretary of Unite, Sharon Graham, repeated her call for the decision to be reversed. Fran Heathcote of the PCS union said that the plan was a "misstep" and it needed to be "put right".^[10][11]

At the Labour Party conference, held between 23 and 25 September, Unite and the Communication Workers Union, managed to reserve time for a motion opposing the government's fuel payment policy to be debated and a non-binding vote taken.^[12] The motion was scheduled to be debated on the first day of the conference, but on the day, the same day that Reeves was due to give a speech, the vote was postponed until the last day of the conference – after Starmer had left. The announcement of the move was greeted with loud boos and jeers from the conference attendees.^[12][13][14] The Unite union said that by rescheduling their motion to the very end of the conference, the conference organisers had sought to silence them.^[15] The Labour leadership lost the vote, with delegates supporting the motion to scrap the government's policy.^[16]

On 9 September it was reported that Labour MPs, including frontbenchers, were worried that Reeves's "brutal" plan for the fuel allowance would result in more older people ending up in hospital over the winter.^[17]

The UK's leading charity for older people, Age UK, wrote to Reeves with its proposal which it says would prevent around two million pensioners, for whom the payment is badly needed, from having the payment stopped.^[18]

At Prime Minister's Questions on 11 September, the former prime minister, leader of the opposition, Rishi Sunak, accused Starmer of covering up the impact assessment for the policy, asking him if the estimate for the number of deaths was higher or lower than the 3,850 Labour had previously forecast would result from this policy. Starmer did not answer that question directly.^[19]

The Social Security Advisory Committee, a government watchdog, criticised the plan, said it was rushed and ill-conceived, and asked that urgent changes be made to it before the cold winter weather hits. It also said that Reeves's estimate that it would raise £1.5 billion per year was very likely a sizeable overestimate.^[20]

The general secretary of the National Pensioners Convention, one of the UK's largest organisations campaigning for older people, Jan Shortt, wrote to Reeves stating that, as a result of the policy changes, many older people may "not survive to see the spring or any other season". Shortt commented that not all pensioners receive a full state pension or have an occupational pension to rely on and called for the government to "step away from this ill-advised strategy immediately".^[21]

On 25 October, a pensioner couple in Scotland were given permission to take legal action against the decision to restrict the payment by applying a means-test to it. They alleged that the UK and Scotland governments did not follow the correct procedure and did not conduct an appropriate consultation or an equality impact assessment before implementing the change. The hearing is scheduled to take place at the Court of Session in Edinburgh on 15 January 2025.^[22]

At the end of November, lawyers for Unite, the trade union, asked the High Court for an urgent judicial review of the policy. Unite, which has 200,000 who are affected by the cuts, say that the government should have been more thorough in gathering evidence of the likely impact prior to committing to the changes. They say they have members who are struggling to get by on their pensions. Unite's general secretary, Sharon Graham, said the government had "brought something in without knowing what it is going to cost in terms of illness, what it is going to cost in terms of death".^[23]

Following the announcement of this policy, the Ipsos monthly tracker poll published in September showed that Starmer was more unpopular with the public than he had been for three years. 46% of voters had an unfavourable view of him. 32% of the poll's respondents had a favourable view of him, which was 6 points lower than it had been in August. The same poll showed Reeves being seen favourably had dropped 4 points since August to 23% and being seen unfavourably had increased by 9 points to 44%.^[24]

Following the commons vote, the results from a JL Partners/38 Degrees focus group of more than 100 people suggested that the new government was losing public support. The group comprised different age groups, regions, and voting intention. The most critical were older Labour voters, some younger voters were more sympathetic with the governments case, but most were critical of the policy.^[25]

A Savanta opinion poll commissioned by the Liberal Democrats party, and published on 29 October, found that 59% opposed the policy with 46% of Labour voters agreeing that Reeves was wrong to bring forward this policy while 35% agreed she was right. The poll also showed that 78% of people aged 55 and over said that Reeves should not cut the winter fuel payments.^[26]

Labour MP for the Blaydon and Consett seat, Liz Twist, faced calls from her constituents to resign from her post as chair of the board of trustees at Age UK Gateshead, a charity for older people. These came after she voted in the Commons to support Reeves's fuel payment restrictions. One of the constituents said "Given she [Twist] is a North East MP, representing one of the poorest parts of the country, I feel it’s very hypocritical for her to hold this position and it's disappointing that she did not vote against the removal of the Winter Fuel Payment". Age UK said it was "advocating against the government's decision".^[27] On 30 October 2024, Twist resigned, saying it was "because of the consistent pressure being placed on the charity by a number of people".^[28]

The Somerset Community Foundation (SCF) has said that donations to its "Surviving Winter" appeal are diminishing. The reason given is that it relied on people donating their unwanted winter fuel payments, and as those payments have now been scrapped for most pensioners, that source of income is no longer available. SCF, which started the fund in 2010, are now having to investigate other ways to raise money to help those who most need it.^[29]

Community Resource, a Shropshire-based charity supporting vulnerable residents estimates that its donations might be down by thousands of pounds due to Reeves's policy. The charity says that about 40% of its donations are from pensioners donating their winter payment.^[30]

In Workington, a thief convicted of stealing £350 from a male pensioner was spared a prison sentence in October after his lawyer told the court that the crime was no worse than that of Starmer in scrapping the winter fuel payment for pensioners.^[31][32]

The result of the 2025 Runcorn and Helsby by-election has been categorised as a stunning victory for Reform UK,^[33] as well as a major blow to Starmer, with many Labour MPs singling out the cuts to winter fuel payments as a significant factor in the party's defeat. Former shadow chancellor John McDonnell argued that recent government cuts had made voters feel that the party had turned its back on them. Richard Burgon, Labour MP for Leeds East, called the result "entirely avoidable".^[34] Starmer acknowledged that the result was disappointing but defended his government's decisions.^[35] Nigel Farage, leader of Reform UK, described the result as a "very big moment" for his party. He also attributed Labour's defeat to a loss of confidence in Starmer's governance, especially voter frustration on immigration.^[36] Labour's poor results in the 2025 local elections was also attributed to the cuts to winter fuel payments.^[37]

Eligibility from 1997 to 2023 was based on age and residence. The qualifying age was initially 60, raised to 65 in 2010 and to 66 in 2018. From 2024 the benefit was only available to those in receipt of Pension Credit or other means-tested benefit.^[38]

To be eligible for the benefit in a particular year, a person must have been born before a specific qualifying date (e.g. 23 September 1958 for payments for the winter 2024–2025).^[38] Certain categories of people are excluded groups (prisoners, people receiving long-term free hospital care, those with certain immigration issues, and those living in care homes and receiving income-related benefits such as pension credit).^[38] The benefit may also be applicable to those living abroad with a genuine and sufficient link to the UK (having lived or worked in the UK, or having family in the UK).^[38]

The amount paid is greater for those aged 80 years and older and is set so that a person living alone (or with people ineligible for the payment) is paid twice as much as a person in a household where more than one person receives the payment.^[39] In the winter 2024–2025 the amount paid was £200 to £300 depending on circumstances.^[38] If the weather is particularly cold, a cold weather payment may also be made.^[40]

In Great Britain, the Social Fund Winter Fuel Payment Regulations 2024^[41] govern the system, under the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992. In Northern Ireland the Social Fund Winter Fuel Payment Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2024^[42] govern the system.

In the winter of 2011–12, the benefit cost the UK Government £2.1 billion and was paid out to 12.7 million people.^[43] It was criticised by Paul Burstow (former care services minister) in 2013 for its lack of targeting, Burstow saying that "80% of older people do not require [the benefit]" and proposing that it be only given to pensioners on pension credit which he said would save £1.5 billion a year.^[44] He suggested that the savings be used to help implement the findings of the Dilnot Commission into social care.^[44] However, in 2013 about 1 million of 3 million eligible people did not claim pension credit.^[43]

Winter Fuel Payment is not available to people living in Scotland, as the Scottish government plans to introduce a Pension Age Winter Heating Payment to replace it. "For winter 2024–2025, the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) has committed to make payments this winter to eligible pensioners in Scotland on terms equivalent to Winter Fuel payments in England and Wales."^[45][46]

In December 2024, a parody of Mud's 1974 Christmas number one single "Lonely This Christmas" was released entitled "Freezing This Christmas", accompanied by a black and white music video. A backlash against the means-testing of the Winter Fuel Payment, it had lyrics by Chris Middleton, a freelance writer from Newcastle, and was performed by Dean Ager, a singer and Frank Sinatra and Michael Bublé impersonator, under the name Sir Starmer and the Granny Harmers, with all proceeds going to elderly charities.^[47][48][49] In the week before Christmas, the cover reached number one in the Singles Downloads Chart and number 37 on the singles chart.^[50] It was beaten for the Christmas number one by "Last Christmas" by Wham!. The BBC received criticism from Middleton, as well as Conservative MP Greg Smith, for not playing the song, with it being skipped on Radio One's chart show.^[51][50]

The song is sung from the perspective of a married elderly man who has had both his and his wife's fuel payment ended. Because of this, he and his wife have faced increasing difficulty due to the additional costs of heating over the winter months, mentioned in the line "And she told me that she doesn’t get out of bed till midday, because she didn’t want to turn the heating on." He calls Rachel Reeves a "fraud" and mockingly wishes Keir Starmer a merry christmas before saying "I hope you can sleep at night", previously criticising Starmer for being warm while they are "freezing". He also alludes to the previous winter when Rishi Sunak "was here", thinking at the time that the following Christmas wouldn't be as bad, only for it, in his opinion, to have been even worse for them this year due to their fuel payment ending.

A voice clip of Reeves saying "We inherited a situation where there was a £22 billion black hole in the public finances" is sampled during the song's instrumental break, alluding to a claim often used by both Reeves and Starmer of them inheriting an unexpected £22 billion “black hole” in the public finances from the Sunak ministry. They later published a breakdown, external of how it had got from the Treasury's £9.5bn shortfall in February to the £22bn "black hole".^[52][53] The song also includes references to "foreign wars" (referring to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and Gaza war), "open borders" (referring to the UK's illegal channel crossings) and the "Two-tier Keir" nickname popularized by the American businessman and political figure Elon Musk, the owner of Twitter, during the UK riots. These are mentioned in the lyrics "The only things I see are foreign wars and open doors and a freezing OAP" and "And we really need warmth, but two-tier here doesn’t care at all".^[54]

• "Winter Fuel Payment". gov.uk. 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2013.