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Java version history

Java Web Start, first introduced for J2SE 1.3, allows provisioning applications over the Web by clicking a desktop icon or a link on a website.
Java Web Start, first introduced for J2SE 1.3, allows provisioning applications over the Web by clicking a desktop icon or a link on a website.

The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901.

In addition to the language changes, much more dramatic changes have been made to the Java class library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5.0. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated.

Contents

JDK 1.0 (January 23, 1996)

Initial release[1]

JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997)

Major additions included:[2]

J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998)

Codename Playground. This and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). Major additions included:[3]

  • strictfp keyword
  • reflection which supports Introspection only, no modification at runtime possible.
  • the Swing graphical API was integrated into the core classes
  • Sun's JVM was equipped with a JIT compiler for the first time
  • , an IDL implementation for CORBA interoperability
  • Collections framework

J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000)

Codename Kestrel. The most notable changes were:[4][5]

J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002)

Codename Merlin. This was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included:[6][7]

J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004)

Codename Tiger. (Originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number.[8]) Developed under JSR 176, Tiger added a number of significant new language features:[9][10]

  • Generics: Provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts (type conversion). (Specified by JSR 14.)
  • Metadata: Also called annotations, allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by metadata-aware utilities. (Specified by JSR 175.)
  • Autoboxing/unboxing: Automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer). (Specified by JSR 201.)
  • Enumerations: The enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.). Previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern). (Specified by JSR 201.)
  • Swing: New skinnable look and feel, called synth.
  • Varargs: The last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)). In the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that type.
  • Enhanced 'for loop': The for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable, such as the standard Collection classes, using a construct of the form:
void displayWidgets (Iterable<Widget> widgets) {
    for (Widget w: widgets) {
        w.display();
    }
}

This example iterates over the Iterable object widgets, assigning each of its items in turn to the variable w, and then calling the Widget method display() for each item. (Specified by JSR 201.)

Java SE 6 (December 11, 2006)

Codename Mustang. This was developed under JSR 270. During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June 2006 and are available at http://java.sun.com/javase/6/. The final release occurred on December 11, 2006.

Release nomenclature

As of this version, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.[11] Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0.[12]

Major changes

Major changes included in this version:[13][14]

  • Scripting Language Support (JSR 223): Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla Javascript Rhino integration
  • Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform[15][16], and Swing.
  • Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224)
  • JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221).
  • Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically.
  • Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0: Including integration of a StAX parser.
  • Support for pluggable annotations ().
  • Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect).

Java SE 7

Codename Dolphin.[17] This is in the early planning and development stages. The Dolphin Project started up in August 2006, with release estimated in 2008. New builds including enhancements and bug fixes are released approximately weekly.

See also

References

  1. ^ Version 1.0 press release, Sun.
  2. ^ Version 1.1 press release, Sun.
  3. ^ Version 1.2 press release, Sun.
  4. ^ Version 1.3 press release, Sun.
  5. ^ Version 1.3 full list of changes, Sun.
  6. ^ Version 1.4 press release.
  7. ^ Version full 1.4 list of changes.
  8. ^ Version 5 release notes, Sun.
  9. ^ Version 1.5 press release.
  10. ^ Version 1.5 full list of changes.
  11. ^ Java brand naming.
  12. ^ Version 6, Java webnotes, Sun.
  13. ^ Version 1.6 press release.
  14. ^ Version 1.6 full list of changes.
  15. ^ Java Lobby.
  16. ^ Mustang’s HotSpot, Sun weblogs.
  17. ^ JDK7, Sun.

External links

v • d • 
Java
Sun technologies Java programming language · J2ME · J2SE · J2EE · Java Development Kit · OpenJDK · Java Virtual Machine · Java Runtime Environment · JavaFX
Major third-party technologies GNU Classpath · GNU Compiler for Java · Kaffe · Apache Harmony · Apache Struts · Hibernate · JBoss application server
History Java version history · Criticism of Java · Java Community Process · Sun Microsystems · Free Java implementations
Language features Bytecode · Syntax · Applets · Servlets · JavaServer Pages · Web Start
Scripting languages Java Tcl · Jython · JRuby · BeanShell · Groovy · Judoscript · Sleep · Bean Scripting Framework · Yoix · Rhino
fonte: https://web.archive.org/web/20071106040201/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_version_history
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