Portal:Java
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Java Development Kit
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is an Oracle Corporation product aimed at Java developers. Since the introduction of Java, it has been by far the most widely used Java Software Development Kit (SDK). On 17 November 2006, Sun announced that it would be released under the GNU General Public License (GPL), thus making it free software. This happened in large part on 8 May 2007; Sun contributed the source code to the OpenJDK.
JDK contents
The JDK has as its primary components a collection of programming tools, including:
- java – the loader for Java applications. This tool is an interpreter and can interpret the class files generated by the javac compiler. Now a single launcher is used for both development and deployment. The old deployment launcher, jre, no longer comes with Sun JDK, and instead it has been replaced by this new java loader.
- javac – the compiler, which converts source code into Java bytecode
- appletviewer – this tool can be used to run and debug Java applets without a web browser
- apt – the annotation-processing tool [1]
- extcheck – a utility which can detect JAR-file conflicts
- idlj – the IDL-to-Java compiler. This utility generates Java bindings from a given Java IDL file.
- javadoc – the documentation generator, which automatically generates documentation from source code comments
- jar – the archiver, which packages related class libraries into a single JAR file. This tool also helps manage JAR files.
- javah – the C header and stub generator, used to write native methods
- javap – the class file disassembler
- javaws – the Java Web Start launcher for JNLP applications
- jconsole – Java Monitoring and Management Console
- jdb – the debugger
- jhat – Java Heap Analysis Tool (experimental)
- jinfo – This utility gets configuration information from a running Java process or crash dump. (experimental)
- jmap – This utility outputs the memory map for Java and can print shared object memory maps or heap memory details of a given process or core dump. (experimental)
- jps – Java Virtual Machine Process Status Tool lists the instrumented HotSpot Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) on the target system. (experimental)
- jrunscript – Java command-line script shell.
- jstack – utility which prints Java stack traces of Java threads (experimental)
- jstat – Java Virtual Machine statistics monitoring tool (experimental)
- jstatd – jstat daemon (experimental)
- policytool – the policy creation and management tool, which can determine policy for a Java runtime, specifying which permissions are available for code from various sources
- VisualVM – visual tool integrating several command-line JDK tools and lightweight[clarification needed] performance and memory profiling capabilities
- wsimport – generates portable JAX-WS artifacts for invoking a web service.
- xjc – Part of the Java API for XML Binding (JAXB) API. It accepts an XML schema and generates Java classes.
Experimental tools may not be available in future versions of the JDK.
The JDK also comes with a complete Java Runtime Environment, usually called a private runtime, due to the fact that it is separated from the "regular" JRE and has extra contents. It consists of a Java Virtual Machine and all of the class libraries present in the production environment, as well as additional libraries only useful to developers, such as the internationalization libraries and the IDL libraries.
Copies of the JDK also include a wide selection of example programs demonstrating the use of almost all portions of the Java API.
Ambiguity between a JDK and an SDK
The JDK forms an extended subset of a software development kit (SDK). In the descriptions which accompany its recent releases for Java SE, EE, and ME, Sun acknowledges that under its terminology, the JDK forms the subset of the SDK which has the responsibility for the writing and running of Java programs.[citation needed] The remainder of the SDK comprises extra software, such as application servers, debuggers, and documentation.
Other JDKs
There are other JDKs commonly available for a variety of platforms, some of which started from the Sun JDK source and some which did not.[contradiction] All of them adhere to the basic Java specifications, but they often differ in explicitly unspecified areas, such as garbage collection, compilation strategies, and optimization techniques. They include:
In development or in maintenance mode:
- OpenJDK;
- Aicas JamaicaVM;
- GNU's GCJ (The GNU Compiler for Java);
- IBM J9 JDK, for AIX, Linux, Windows, MVS, OS/400, Pocket PC, z/OS [2];
- Oracle Corporation's JRockit JDK, for Windows, Linux and Solaris[citation needed];
- RedHat IcedTea, replacing the proprietary classpath[clarification needed] in OpenJDK.
Not being maintained or discontinued:
- Apache Harmony
- Apple's Mac OS Runtime for Java JVM/JDK for Classic Mac OS [3]
- Blackdown Java – Port of Sun's JDK for Linux[citation needed]
See also
References
External links
- Oracle Java SE
- IBM Java technology JDK
- Open source JDK 7 project
- Open source JDK project
- Community support
- GNU Classpath – a Free software JDK alternative[citation needed]
- Javadoc Developer Kit (JDK) Search Engine
- Oracle's Java SE Support Roadmap
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Selected picture
Here is a typical photo of Sun Tech Days Java events, this one held in Spain.
Selected biography
Patrick Naughton (born in 1965) is an American software developer, best known as being one of the original creators of the Java programming language.
As a Sun engineer, Patrick Naughton had become increasingly frustrated with the state of Sun's C++ and C APIs (application programming interfaces) and tools. While considering moving to NeXT, Naughton was offered a chance to work on new technology and thus the Stealth Project was started.
The Stealth Project was soon renamed to the Green Project with James Gosling and Mike Sheridan joining Naughton. Together with other engineers, they began work in a small office on Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park, California. They were attempting to develop a new technology for programming next generation smart appliances, which Sun expected to be a major new opportunity.
In June and July 1994, after three days of brainstorming with John Gage, the Director of Science for Sun, James Gosling, Bill Joy, Naughton, Wayne Rosing, and Eric Schmidt, the team re-targeted the platform for the World Wide Web. They felt that with the advent of the first graphical web browser, Mosaic, the Internet was on its way to evolving into the same highly interactive medium that they had envisioned for cable TV. As a prototype, Naughton wrote a small browser, WebRunner, later renamed HotJava.
Did you know...
- ... that both the Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Internet Explorer browser designs are descended from the Mosaic web browser?
- ... that Netscape was the first web browser to support Java, other than Java's own HotJava Browser?
- ... that Java SE 6 is code-named Mustang?
- ... that Java Runtime Environment is found on over 700 million PCs?
- ... that in 2008 Hewlett-Packard created a prototype of the theoretical fourth and last passive circuit element, the memristor (first devised in 1971), that may one day revolutionize electronics?
Quiz
1. Who said: "There's only one trick in software, and that is using a piece of software that's already been written."?
2. When was Java first released?
3. Why is JavaScript thus named if it is essentially unrelated to Java?
4. Which was Java's original name: Green, Oak, Stealth, C++ ++ --, firstperson, Duke or Coffee?
5. True or False: An Interface can never be private or protected?
- Answer (External link)
Java topics (all)
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- List of DVD recordable manufacturers
- List of Blu-ray Disc recordable manufacturers
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Java applet that allows some experimentation with various tunings and Bach temperaments:
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Learn about some of the new and cool features in JDK 7 with Danny Coward, Chief Architect for Client Software at Sun Microsystems:
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| “ | Within C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get out. And no, that smaller and cleaner language is not Java or C#... | ” |
Index of Java articles
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