Help:IPA for Colognian

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Colognian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.

See Colognian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Colognian.

Consonants
IPA Colognian examples English approximation
b Ball, dubbel ball
d dann, Saddel done
dʒ Dschungel, wadschele jungle
f Faß, Waffel fuss
ɡ waggele gust
h hatt, Buhai, Bah hut
ɧ Schimie, Weechter, biestig bush
j[1] Jack, wääje yuck
ʒ[1] Geniere, nuschele pleasure
k Kiß, frickele, Pek kiss
l Lack, welle luck
m Mai, summe, öm may
n Noht, Jewenner, Sun not
ŋ senge, lang long
p Peck, Appel, Kapp peck
ʁ Rään, ware guttural r
s faste, Baß bus
ʃ schäl, Mösche, Bösch bush
t Toon, kötte, Bütt tone
ts Zupp, Mätze, Fuz pizza
tʃ tschö Click the icon to hear the word! ⓘ, letsche, Matsch chat
v Vas, övver vast
w wat will
x Woche, Loch Scottish loch
z Sunn, lässe zone
ʔ |it, be|erdije, perdü| the "catch" in uh-oh!
Stress
IPA Colognian examples English approximation Explanation
ˈ Bahnhoffstrohße intonation primary stress
ˌ Bahnhoffstrohße intonation secondary stress
Vowels
IPA Colognian examples English approximation
aː Plaat, Bar bra
a Ax, spack, Oppa
eː Elend, Feez, Kannapee somewhat like play
e enjonn, seze bed
ɛː Ääpel, Pääd, nää Click the icon to hear the word! ⓘ like bed, but long
ɛ Eck, hätt, dä! bed
iː Ieß, Pief, di eat
i Idee, Dialäk, mi city
ɪ in, Friko, bei sit
ɔː Ooß, Pooz, booh bore
ɔ offe, doll, mer on
œː Ööschel, pöze, Blööh somewhat like urgent
œ Öschel, Pött
øː Ööz, kööze, bleu
ø Öllije, Kött, pö-a-pö
oː Ooschel, koot go
o op, lovve, do hot
ʊː Pattevuel took
ʊ us, Hunk, do
uː uze, Pluute, Schmu ooze
u Ussel, Fuz took
yː üüßerlech, süht somewhat like cute
y üvver, müje
ʏ üch, tüntele, Späu
aɪ ei, Eiter, Weihnaach, zwei I, idle, byte, tie
aʊː Auto, Strauß, mau out, tower, how
aʊ Auflach, Zauß, Schabau
eɪ ei, eins, Zeidung, sei alien, mania, bay
iɐ̯ Liehr similar to dear
oʊ Auge, Baum, hau similar to over, stow
ɔʏ Europpa, Schnäuzer, Heu similar to oil, boy
øʏ Sträuf, Späu
Vowels with Schleifton[2]
aˑ Ahle, Bahn bra
eˑ Beet somewhat like play
ɛˑ äänz, Nähl bed
iˑ ieser, Dier, auwieh! eat
ɔˑ Ohß, Pohl, jo bore
œˑ Öl, Pöhl somewhat like urgent
øˑ ömjonn, Rösje, Bröh
oˑ Ohm, Dooch, Nivoh go
ʊˑ Bunn took
uˑ Uhr, Bud, esu ooze
yˑ Üül, Lüüß, perdü somewhat like cute
aɪˑ Eier, Weiher, Pavei I, idle, byte, tie
aʊˑ zaubere, Kakau out, tower, how
eɪˑ eine, zeije, Schnei alien, mania, bay
ɪˑɐ̯ Zottier similar to dear
oʊˑ Aug, sauge, Hau similar to over, stow
ɔʏˑ Häuche, Häu similar to oil, boy
øʏˑ Äujelche, Bäum, neu Click the icon to hear the word! ⓘ
Reduced vowels
ɐ verdonn, Vatter fun
ə e, en, bedon, de about


Notes

  1. ^ a b The phone [ʒ] occurs also often as a positional allophone of [j] when a final [ʃ] or [ɧ] of a word stem is either followed by a vowel of a grammatical suffix or becomes voiced under the influence of a liaison or due to coarticulation. Under normal circumstances, [j] is used to transcribe these.
  2. ^ The symbol "ˑ" marks the segment preceding it, beginning with the last preceding vowel, as bearing Schleifton. Schleifton is a tonal accent, unknown to English, having various properties:
    • Stress. Unless its syllable has a primary or secondary stress mark, Schleifton always carries a 3rd level stress.
    • Length. Usually, the length of a single vowel with Schleifton is between 'long' and 'short'. An English example would be between "poll" and "Paul" in length.
    • Suprasegmentality. Although basically put on vowels and diphthongs, Schleifton may extend into, or occasionally move onto sonorants following them.
    • Tonal shape or contour. There are broad variations, following a somewhat complicated scheme of positional, segmental, suprasegmental, stress, and syntactic dependencies. As a rule of thumb the contour always ends at a different pitch than it begins with, it always has at least a rise+fall or fall+rise pattern, sometimes both, and it always incorporates changes of volume with a quick attack at the beginning, followed by a release which may result in a brief phase of silence, and a return to normal volume at the end.
    There are three circumstances in which Schleifton accents occur:
    1. Syntax. In rare occasions, a Schleifton may appear in a sentence or phrase as a result of the rules governing stress patterns or melodies of speech.
    2. Grammar. Some Schleiftons are grammatical. Their presence or absence within some words distinguishes Plurals from Singulars, or comparisons in the same way, Umlauts or endings may do with other words.
    3. Lexeme. Other Schleifton occurrences distinguish otherwise unrelated words from each other.

Bibliography

  • Fritz Hoenig: Wörterbuch der Kölner Mundart. 2nd edition, 1905. Köln.
  • Georg Heike: Zur Phonologie der Stadtkölner Mundart. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung der akustischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale. In:Deutsche Dialektgeographie, volume57, Elwert-Verlag, Marburg 1964
  • Claudia Froitzheim: Artikulationsnormen der Umgangssprache in Köln. In:Continuum, Schriftenreihe zur Linguistik, volume2. Narr, Tübingen, 1984, ISBN 3-87808-332-7 (Also Dissertation at the University of Cologne, 1983).
  • Adam Wrede: Neuer Kölnischer Sprachschatz. 12thedition, 1999. 3volumes, 1168pages. Greven Verlag, Köln. ISBN 3-7743-0243-X
  • Christa Bhatt, Alice Herrwegen: Das Kölsche Wörterbuch. 2ndedition, 2005. J. P. Bachem-Verlag, Köln. ISBN 3-7616-1942-1

For another simpler phonemic writing system of West Middle German and Meuse-Rhenish including Colognian, see:

fonte: https://web.archive.org/web/20161220111020/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Colognian