Help:IPA/Sicilian
The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Sicilian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Sicilian phonology and Sicilian vowel system for a more thorough look at the sounds of Sicilian.
To learn more about the correspondence between spelling and sounds, see Sicilian orthography.
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Notes
- ^ If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it is geminated. In IPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fattu [ˈfattʊ], mezzu [ˈmɛttsʊ]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Sicilian, like standard Italian, also has a sandhi phenomenon called syntactic gemination, generally not represented graphically: e.g. è loncu [ˌɛ lˈlɔŋkʊ].
- ^ a b c d e f /b/, /dʒ/, /ɖ/, /ɲ/, /ʃ/ and /ts/ are always geminated after a vowel, before a vowel or a semivowel.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m In some (but not all) dialects, /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /ʈ/, /k/ and /c/ preceded by a nasal may be replaced by their voiced counterparts [b], [d], [dz], [dʒ], [ɖ], [ɡ], [ɟ].
- ^ a b The common realization of vowel-following single /d/ is [ɾ].
- ^ a b c d e f ⟨s⟩ may be rendered as [ʃ]~[ɕ] before voiceless consonants, [ʒ]~[ʑ] before voiced or nasal consonants, and is always [ts]~[dz] after a nasal; it merges with following /ʈ/~/ʈʂ/ giving [ʂː] (e.g. finestra [fɪˈnɛʂː(ɽ)a]).
- ^ If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and ⟨
⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, then you have an issue with your default font. See Help:IPA § Rendering issues.
- ^ a b c When not geminated nor preceded by a consonant, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ may also be realized as [ɣ] / [j], respectively, or dropped.
- ^ a b c d After ⟨n⟩, /ɡ/ and /ɟ/ might nasalize to [ŋ] / [ɲ], respectively (e.g. lingua [ˈliŋŋwa]).
- ^ a b When /j/ is geminated or preceded by a nasal it is replaced by [ɟ] (e.g. un jencu [uɲ ˈɟɛŋkʊ]~[uɲ ˈɲɛŋkʊ]).
- ^ a b c d e Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nk/~/nɡ/ is a velar [ŋ], the one in /nc/~/nɟ/~/nɲ/ is a palatal [ɲ], the one in /nʈ/~/nɖ/ is a retroflex [ɳ], and the one in /nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental [ɱ] (though for simplicity ⟨m⟩ is used here). A nasal before /p/, /b/ and /m/ is a labial [m].
- ^ ⟨r⟩ has a variety of realizations, the most common of which are: [ɾ] if single, though usually [ɽ] after ⟨d⟩ / ⟨t⟩ (or even [ʐ] / [ʂ], respectively), [ɾː], [rː] or [ʐː] if geminated. At the beginning of a word it is always geminated.
- ^ Always geminated.
- ^ a b When not geminated nor following another consonant, /tʃ/ tends to be pronounced [ʃ].
- ^ In recent borrowings, mostly from Italian, and certain limited compounds, /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ might also appear in unstressed position (e.g. ristoranti [ɾːɪstɔˈɾantɪ], comegghiè [kɔmɛɟˈɟɛ])
- ^ Vowels are long when stressed in non-final open syllables: vèniri [ˈvɛːnɪɾɪ] ~ vènniri [ˈvɛnnɪɾɪ], or when they are the result of phonetic mergers, in which case they are spelled with a circumflex: nta lu = ntô, pi lu = pû.
