Help:IPA/Slovak

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Slovak language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-sk}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Slovak phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Slovak.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English approximation
b	byť, vstup do^[1]	bill
c	radosť, loď^[2]	stew
d	domov, prvýkrát bolo^[1]	door
f	farba, vták^[3]	focus
ɡ	garáž, kde^[1]	go
ɦ	hlava	ahead
j	jogurt	yellow
ɟ	ďaleko, byť zaradený^[1]	dew
k	koláč, ping-pong^[2]	scan
l	láska^[4]	pill
l̩	vlk	little
l̩ː	vĺča	little left (long)
ʎ	ľad^[4]	failure
m	maslo, hanba^[5]	milk
n	noc^[5]	now
ɲ	laň	canyon
p	pavúk, dub^[2]	spill
r	robot	hottest (US)
r̩	prst	Spanish perro
r̩ː	vŕba	Spanish perro, but longer
s	slnko, mráz^[2]	six
ʂ	šach, rúž^[2]	shell
t	tulipán, hlad^[2]	stand
ts	cena, jedz^[2]	bats
tʂ	človek, hádž^[2]	chase
v	vzrast,^[3] Adolf bol^[1]	vine
ʋ	sever^[3]	between vine and wine
w	pravda, krv,^[3] Tatrou	wine
x	chlieb, sneh	loch (Scottish)
z	zima, ananás bol^[1]	zoo
ʐ	žena, Aleš bol^[1]	fusion
Marginal consonants
dz	hádzať, noc bez^[1]	heads
dʐ	džbán, cárovič bol^[1]	job
ɱ	informácia^[5]	comfort
ŋ	banka^[5]	sing

Vowels^[6]
IPA	Examples	English approximation
Monophthongs
a	matka	art
aː	ráno	father
e	drevo	Australian left
i	tri, syr	kit
iː	písať, výr	leave
ɔ	dom	off
u	ruža	bull
uː	úroda	food
Marginal monophthongs
eː	fén	Australian bed
ɔː	móda	dog
Diphthongs
ɪɐ	piaty	a very brief [ɪ] followed by a short [ɐ], like Romanian beată
ɪe	viera	a very brief [ɪ] followed by a short [e], roughly like Australian yes
ʊo	stôl	a very brief [ʊ] followed by a short [o], roughly like RP water
Marginal diphthongs
ɛɐ	mäso^[7]	a brief [ɛ] followed by a brief [ɐ], like Cockney square but shorter
ɪʊ	vyššiu	a very brief [ɪ] followed by a short [ʊ], roughly like use

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Examples	Explanation
ˈ	Revúca [ˈreʋuːtsa]	Primary stress always falls on the first syllable of a word.

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, dz, dʐ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʐ/, [b, d, dz, dʐ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʐ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, ts, tʂ, k, c, s, ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/. [v] also occurs as an allophone of /f/ in the same environment.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /c, k, p, s, ʂ, t, ts, tʂ/, [c, k, p, s, ʂ, t, ts, tʂ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, dz, dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, dz, dʐ].
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, w] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme):
• [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʂ, s, ʂ, x/;
• [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/;
• [w] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [w]) occur in the syllable coda;
• [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^ ^a ^b The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only /l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which /ʎ/ merges with /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
^ In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪʊ, ʊo/ count as long vowels.
^ /ɛɐ/ often merges with /e/. In phonology, it behaves like a short vowel, and for that reason it is sometimes transcribed with ⟨æ⟩. However, for speakers that distinguish it from /e/, it is clearly an opening diphthong (Pavlík 2004:94).

References

Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), "Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis, 55: 87–109

[voiced-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, dz, dʐ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʐ/, [b, d, dz, dʐ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʐ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, ts, tʂ, k, c, s, ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/. [v] also occurs as an allophone of /f/ in the same environment.

[voiceless-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /c, k, p, s, ʂ, t, ts, tʂ/, [c, k, p, s, ʂ, t, ts, tʂ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, dz, dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, dz, dʐ].

[v-3] The phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, w] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme):
• [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʂ, s, ʂ, x/;
• [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/;
• [w] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [w]) occur in the syllable coda;
• [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).

[hardsoftlaterals-4] The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only /l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which /ʎ/ merges with /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).

[nasal-5] Nasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.

[6] In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪʊ, ʊo/ count as long vowels.

[7] /ɛɐ/ often merges with /e/. In phonology, it behaves like a short vowel, and for that reason it is sometimes transcribed with ⟨æ⟩. However, for speakers that distinguish it from /e/, it is clearly an opening diphthong (Pavlík 2004:94).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

International Phonetic Alphabet keys
Adyghe Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Modern Standard Egyptian Hejazi Lebanese Tunisian Armenian Assamese Asturian Australian languages Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Breton Bulgarian Burmese Catalan Chinese Mandarin Cantonese Taiwanese Hokkien Wu Corsican Czech Danish Dari Dutch English Old English Emilian-Romagnol Esperanto Estonian Extremaduran Fijian Finnish Franco-Provençal French Galician Georgian German Standard Alemannic Colognian Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Inuktitut Inupiaq Irish Isan Italian dialects Japanese Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish Kyrgyz Lao Latin Latvian Ligurian Lithuanian Lombard Luxembourgish Macedonian Maithili Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Manx Māori Marathi Marshallese Mauritian Creole Mayan Mongolian Mirandese Nahuatl Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Northern Thai Norwegian Occitan Odia Persian Piedmontese Polish Portuguese Punjabi Quechua Romanian Romansh Russian Sanskrit Sardinian Scottish Gaelic Serbo-Croatian Shan Sicilian Slovak Slovene Spanish Swahili Swazi Swedish Tagalog Tai Lue Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigrinya Turkish Turkmen Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Venetian Vietnamese Walloon Welsh West Frisian Xhosa Yiddish Zulu
Comparisons	IPA conventions for English English dialects Wikipedia pronunciation respelling Other English pronunciation respellings
Introductory guides	Symbols For English speakers Manual of Style: Pronunciation

Conheça Walt Disney World

Help:IPA/Slovak

Notes

References