^ abcdefghijApart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ, ɡ, z, ʐ/, [b, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ, ɡ, z, ʐ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, c, ts, tʂ, k, s, ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ, ɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/. /f/ and /x/ are also voiced in this environment, to [v] and [ɣ].
^ abcdThe phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, w] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme): • [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʂ, s, ʂ, x/; • [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/; • [w] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [w]) occur in the syllable coda; • [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^ abcdefghApart from being the main realization of the phonemes /k, p, s, ʂ, t, c, ts, tʂ/, [k, p, s, ʂ, t, c, ts, tʂ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɡ, ɟ, dʐ, z, ʐ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [ɡ, b, z, ʐ, d, ɟ, dz, dʐ].
^ abThe /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only the alveolar/l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which the alveolo-palatal/ʎ/ merges with the alveolar /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^ abcdNasals always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before velar consonants they are [ŋ], and before labial consonants they are [m]; the labiodental [ɱ] appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
^In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪu, ʊɔ/ count as long vowels.
^[ɛɐ] is a phonological monophthong, usually transcribed with ⟨æ⟩. However, for speakers that distinguish it from [e], it is clearly an opening diphthong (Pavlík 2004:94).
^Syllable breaks are indicated only in the case of the sequences [i.a], [i.e] and [i.u], which occur in loanwords and are spelled the same as the native diphthongs [ɪɐ, ɪe, ɪu]. In the case of other hiatuses, the syllable break is omitted.
References
Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak"(PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), Bosák, Ján; Petrufová, Magdaléna (eds.), "Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" [Slovak Speech Sounds and the International Phonetic Alphabet] (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis [The Linguistic Journal] (in Slovak), Bratislava: Slovak Academic Press, spol. s r. o. (55/2): 87–109, ISSN0021-5597
