Help:IPA/Georgian

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Georgian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-ka}}, {{IPAc-ka}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Georgian phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Georgian.

Consonants
IPA	Mkhedruli	Asomtavruli	Nuskhuri	Romanization	English approximation
b^[1]	ბ	Ⴁ	ⴁ	b	bash
ɡ^[1]	გ	Ⴂ	ⴂ	g	gate
d^[1]	დ	Ⴃ	ⴃ	d	do
v^[2]	ვ	Ⴅ	ⴅ	v, w	van
z	ზ	Ⴆ	ⴆ	z	zoo
tʰ	თ	Ⴇ	ⴇ	t	table
kʼ	კ	Ⴉ	ⴉ	kʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "k" in sky (ejective)^[3]
l^[4]	ლ	Ⴊ	ⴊ	l	leaf
m	მ	Ⴋ	ⴋ	m	much
n	ნ	Ⴌ	ⴌ	n	not
pʼ	პ	Ⴎ	ⴎ	pʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "p" in spy (ejective)^[3]
ʒ	ჟ	Ⴏ	ⴏ	zh	pleasure
r^[5]	რ	Ⴐ	ⴐ	r	Spanish río
s	ს	Ⴑ	ⴑ	s	sue
tʼ	ტ	Ⴒ	ⴒ	tʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "t" in sty (ejective)^[3]
pʰ	ფ	Ⴔ	ⴔ	p	pan
kʰ	ქ	Ⴕ	ⴕ	k	can
ʁ	ღ	Ⴖ	ⴖ	gh	Guttural R, Scottish English loch, but voiced
χʼ (often referred as q')	ყ	Ⴗ	ⴗ	xʼ	Dakota hã.χʼãna (ejective)^[3]
ʃ	შ	Ⴘ	ⴘ	sh	shoe
tʃʰ	ჩ	Ⴙ	ⴙ	ch	choose
tsʰ	ც	Ⴚ	ⴚ	ts, c	cats
dz	ძ	Ⴛ	ⴛ	dz	pads
tsʼ	წ	Ⴜ	ⴜ	tsʼ, cʼ	Navajo ts'in (ejective)^[3]
tʃʼ	ჭ	Ⴝ	ⴝ	chʼ	roughly like the unaspirated "ch" in question (ejective)^[3]
χ	ხ	Ⴞ	ⴞ	kh, x	Scottish loch; the English exclamation "ugh"
dʒ	ჯ	Ⴟ	ⴟ	j	hedge
h	ჰ	Ⴠ	ⴠ	h	head
Marginal consonants
f^[6]	ჶ	—	—	f	fan
ʔ^[7]	ჸ	—	—		the catch in uh-oh

Vowels
IPA	Mkhedruli	Asomtavruli	Nuskhuri	Romanization	English approximation
ɑ	ა	Ⴀ	ⴀ	a	bra
ɛ	ე	Ⴄ	ⴄ	e	bell
i	ი	Ⴈ	ⴈ	i	feel
ɔ	ო	Ⴍ	ⴍ	o	off
u	უ	Ⴓ	ⴓ	u	moon

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c In word-final position, /b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [pʰ tʰ kʰ].
^ /v/ is realized as [ʷ] after a consonant.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, /t'/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
^ /l/ has two allophones, velarized [ł] before back vowels /ɑ, ɔ, u,/ and plain [l] before front vowels /i, ɛ,/
^ Often realized as an alveolar tap [ɾ].
^ [f~ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.
^ [ʔ] occurs as an allophone of /qʼ/ in free variation with [qʼ], [q͡χʼ], and [χʼ].

[:0-1] In word-final position, /b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [pʰ tʰ kʰ].

[2] /v/ is realized as [ʷ] after a consonant.

[ejective-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, /t'/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.

[4] /l/ has two allophones, velarized [ł] before back vowels /ɑ, ɔ, u,/ and plain [l] before front vowels /i, ɛ,/

[5] Often realized as an alveolar tap [ɾ].

[6] [f~ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.

[7] [ʔ] occurs as an allophone of /qʼ/ in free variation with [qʼ], [q͡χʼ], and [χʼ].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

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