Help:IPA/Afrikaans

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Afrikaans pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-af}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Afrikaans phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Afrikaans, as well as dialectal variations that are not represented here.

Consonants
IPA	Examples	English approximation
b	beet	beet
d	dak	duck
f	fiets, ver	far
ɦ	hoekom	behind
j	ja	yes
k	kat	skin
l	land	land
m	mens	man
n	nek	neck
ŋ	eng	long
p	pen, rib, lip	sport
r	ras	rolled r
s	sak, seep	sock
ʃ	sjabloon, chef	shall
t	tak, hond	stop
tʃ	Tsjeggië, tjek	chat
χ	generaal, weg	loch (Scottish English)
v	wang	van
ʒ	visueel	vision
Marginal consonants
ʔ	beïnvloed [bəˈʔənflut]	the catch in uh-oh!
dʒ	djihad	jump
ɡ	ghries^[1], berge, erger	goal
w	kwaad	water
z	Zoeloe	zoo
Stress
ˈ	vóórkom [ˈfuərkɔm] voorkóm [ˌfuərˈkɔm]	as in commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdiər/
ˌ	vóórkom [ˈfuərkɔm] voorkóm [ˌfuərˈkɔm]	as in commandeer /ˌkɒmənˈdiər/

Vowels
IPA	Examples	English approximation
Monophthongs (oral)
a	bad	up
ɑː	aap	father
æ	ek, bel, reg, blerrie	back
æː	perd, ver, wêreld, bêre	jazz
ɛ	met	met
ɛː	nè, mens, hê	Modern RP square
ə	vis, hemel, vanaand^[2]	again
əː	wîe^[3]	fur
i	polisie	deep
iː	spieël, bier^[4]	need
ɔ	bot	thought
ɔː	môre^[5]	law
œ	hut	roughly like book
œː	rûe^[5]	roughly like book
u	hoed, polisie	boot
uː	koeël, moer^[4]	cool
y	nuut	roughly like cute
yː	uur^[4]	roughly like true; German über
Monophthongs (nasal)
ɑ̃ː	dans	No English equivalent, long nasalized [ɑ]; French sans
ɛ̃ː	mens	No English equivalent, long nasalized [ɛ]; French vin
ɔ̃ː	spons	No English equivalent, nasalized [ɔː]; French dupont
Diphthongs
ai	baie	price
ɑːi	braai	prize
ɛi	rys, reis	may
iə	eer, ere	ear
iø	seun	roughly like fear in some accents
iu	eeu	ew
oːi	nooi	boy
œi	ui	house (Scottish English)
əu	ou	boat
uə	so, boot	poor (as in poverty)

Notes

^ /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Afrikaans; it occurs only in loanwords like gholf or as an allophone of /χ/ at the end of suffixed root nouns or adjectives when both preceded by a short vowel + R cluster and followed by a schwa.
^ In words which feature a short vowel preceding its longer form (like in vanaand, tamatie and bobotie), the short vowel is neutralised (Donaldson (1993:4, 6)).
^ /əː/ occurs in no other word (Donaldson (1993:7)).
^ ^a ^b ^c As phonemes, /iː/ and /uː/ occur only in spieël and koeël, respectively. In other cases, [iː] and [uː] occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before /r/. /y/ is also lengthened to [yː] before /r/ (Donaldson (1993:4–6)).
^ ^a ^b /œː/ and /ɔː/ occur only in a few words (Donaldson (1993:7).

References

Donaldson, Bruce C. (1993). "1. Pronunciation". A Grammar of Afrikaans. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 1–35. ISBN 978-3-11-0134261. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
Lass, Roger (1987). "Intradiphthongal Dependencies". In Anderson, John; Durand, Jaques (eds.). Explorations in Dependency Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications Holland. pp. 109–131. ISBN 9067652970. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
Wissing, Daan (2016). "Afrikaans phonology – segment inventory". Taalportaal. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

[1] /ɡ/ is not a native phoneme of Afrikaans; it occurs only in loanwords like gholf or as an allophone of /χ/ at the end of suffixed root nouns or adjectives when both preceded by a short vowel + R cluster and followed by a schwa.

[2] In words which feature a short vowel preceding its longer form (like in vanaand, tamatie and bobotie), the short vowel is neutralised (Donaldson (1993:4, 6)).

[3] /əː/ occurs in no other word (Donaldson (1993:7)).

[closelong-4] As phonemes, /iː/ and /uː/ occur only in spieël and koeël, respectively. In other cases, [iː] and [uː] occur as allophones of /i/ and /u/ before /r/. /y/ is also lengthened to [yː] before /r/ (Donaldson (1993:4–6)).

[omrnd-5] /œː/ and /ɔː/ occur only in a few words (Donaldson (1993:7).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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Notes

References